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Stayman convention
Stayman is a bidding convention in the card game contract bridge. It is used by a partnership to find a 4-4 or 5-3 trump fit in a suit after making a one (1NT) opening bid and it has been adapted for use after a 2NT opening, a 1NT overcall, and many other natural notrump bids.
The convention is named for Sam Stayman, who wrote the first published description in 1945,〔"A New Notrump Convention", Samuel Stayman, ''The Bridge World'', June 1945.〕 but its inventors were two other players: the British expert Jack Marx in 1939, who published it only in 1946,〔"What? Another Convention?", J.C.H. Marx, ''Contract Bridge Journal'', September 1946.〕 and Stayman's regular partner George Rapée in 1944.〔("The Roots of Stayman" ), Alan Truscott, ''The New York Times'', April 3, 1983.〕
==Rationale==
A bid and made in a major suit (i.e. 4 or 4 ) scores better than a game contract bid and made in a minor suit (i.e. 5 or 5 ) or in notrump (i.e. 3NT). Also, the success rate for a game contract in a major suit when a partnership has a combined holding of 26 points〔Based on standard hand evaluation methods〕 and eight cards in the major is about 80%, whereas a game contract in 3NT with 26 (HCP) has a success rate of only 60%, or 50% with 25 HCP; the success rate for a minor suit game contract when holding 26 points is about 30%.
Accordingly, partnership priority is to find an eight card or better major suit fit when jointly holding sufficient values for a game contract. 5-3 and 6-2 fits are easy to find in basic methods as responder can bid 3 or 3 over 1NT, and opener will not normally have a 5 card major to bid 1NT. However, finding 4-4 fits presents a problem. The 2 and 2 bids cannot be used for this as they are weak takeouts, a sign-off bid.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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